Unit 4.3 - String Iteration

4.3 String Iteration

simple for loop to iterate through every character using index with charAt():

String word = "hello";
for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) {
    System.out.println(word.charAt(i));
}

in order to use an enhanced for loop, a character array is needed.
toCharArray() can help accomplish this.
example of iteration with an enhanced for loop:

String word = "hello";
for (char c : word.toCharArray()) {
    System.out.println(c);
}

Popcorn Hack:

Iterate through the characters a string with a while loop

String words = "hello";
int i = 0;
while (i < words.length()) {
    char c = words.charAt(i);
    System.out.println(c);
    i++;
}

h
e
l
l
o

What is a substring?

• a substring is a subset of the main string
• the substring(a,b) method creates a substring with the characters of the original string with indices of a to b.
• string.length() returns the length of the string
• string1.equals(string2) determines if the two strings have the same characters

String word = "sunflower";
String sub = "low";
boolean found = false;
for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) {
    String portion = word.substring(i, i+sub.length());
    if (portion.equals(sub)){
        found = true;
    }
}

System.out.println("is " + )

Iterating through words

use split() to split a string into an array.
then we can iterate through the array to access each individual word

String phrase = "this is a string";
String[] words = phrase.split(" ");
for (String word : words) {
    System.out.println(word);
}

Homework Hack!

code a caesar cipher that will encrypt any string with any key provided.
your code should go into the encrypt() method, and should successfully pass the test cases provided
as a bonus, try to use StringBuilder

public class CaesarCipher {
    private int key;
    private String phrase;

    public CaesarCipher(int key, String phrase) {
        this.key = key;
        this.phrase = phrase;
    }

    public String encrypt() {
        StringBuilder encrypted = new StringBuilder();

        for (char ch : phrase.toCharArray()) {
            if (Character.isLetter(ch)) {
                char base = Character.isLowerCase(ch) ? 'a' : 'A';
                ch = (char) ((ch - base + key) % 26 + base);
            }
            encrypted.append(ch);
        }

        return encrypted.toString();
    }
}

// Test cases
CaesarCipher test1 = new CaesarCipher(3, "hello world");
System.out.println("test 1: " + test1.encrypt()); // Expected: khoor zruog

CaesarCipher test2 = new CaesarCipher(10, "abcdefg");
System.out.println("test 2: " + test2.encrypt()); // Expected: lmnopqr

CaesarCipher test3 = new CaesarCipher(-3, "khoor zruog");
System.out.println("test 3: " + test3.encrypt()); // Expected: hello world

test 1: khoor zruog
test 2: klmnopq
test 3: hello world